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* Security headers for API responses
* Protects against common web vulnerabilities like XSS, clickjacking, MIME sniffing
*/
import { NextResponse, NextRequest } from "next/server";
import crypto from 'crypto';
interface SecurityHeadersOptions {
origin?: string;
allowMethods?: string[];
allowHeaders?: string[];
}
interface CspConfig {
/** Enable Content Security Policy */
enableCsp?: boolean;
/** CSP nonce for inline scripts */
nonce?: string;
/** Additional allowed script sources */
additionalScriptSrc?: string[];
/** Additional allowed connect sources */
additionalConnectSrc?: string[];
/** Additional allowed image sources */
additionalImgSrc?: string[];
/** Additional allowed frame sources */
additionalFrameSrc?: string[];
/** CSP report URI for violations */
cspReportUri?: string;
}
/**
* Generate a cryptographic nonce for CSP
*/
export function generateCspNonce(): string {
return crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('base64');
}
/**
* Build CSP directives string
*/
function buildCspDirectives(config: CspConfig): string {
const nonce = config.nonce || generateCspNonce();
const appDomain = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_DOMAIN || 'localhost';
const directives: string[] = [
"default-src 'self'",
`script-src 'self' 'nonce-${nonce}' https://js.stripe.com https://www.googletagmanager.com https://www.google-analytics.com ${(config.additionalScriptSrc || []).join(' ')}`.trim(),
"style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com",
`img-src 'self' data: blob: https: ${(config.additionalImgSrc || []).join(' ')}`.trim(),
"font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com",
`connect-src 'self' https://api.stripe.com https://*.cloudinary.com https://www.google-analytics.com https://api.emailjs.com wss://${appDomain} ws://localhost:* ${(config.additionalConnectSrc || []).join(' ')}`.trim(),
`frame-src 'self' https://js.stripe.com https://hooks.stripe.com ${(config.additionalFrameSrc || []).join(' ')}`.trim(),
"object-src 'none'",
"base-uri 'self'",
"form-action 'self'",
"frame-ancestors 'none'",
...(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? ['upgrade-insecure-requests'] : []),
];
if (config.cspReportUri) {
directives.push(`report-uri ${config.cspReportUri}`);
}
return directives.join('; ');
}
/**
* Add security headers to a response
* Headers protect against:
* - X-XSS-Protection: Prevents reflected XSS attacks
* - X-Content-Type-Options: Prevents MIME type sniffing
* - X-Frame-Options: Prevents clickjacking
* - Referrer-Policy: Controls referrer information
* - Access-Control-Allow-Origin: CORS configuration
*
* @param response The NextResponse to add headers to
* @param options Configuration options
* @returns Response with security headers added
*/
export function addSecurityHeaders<T>(
response: NextResponse<T>,
options: SecurityHeadersOptions = {}
): NextResponse<T> {
const {
origin = process.env.NEXTAUTH_URL || "http://localhost:3000",
allowMethods = ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"],
allowHeaders = ["Content-Type", "Authorization", "X-Requested-With"]} = options;
// Prevent MIME type sniffing - tells browsers to respect content-type header
response.headers.set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff");
// Prevent clickjacking attacks - only allow same-origin frame embedding
response.headers.set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY");
// Enable XSS protection in older browsers
response.headers.set("X-XSS-Protection", "1; mode=block");
// Control referrer information sent with requests
response.headers.set("Referrer-Policy", "strict-origin-when-cross-origin");
// Require HTTPS for future connections (if in production)
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production" && origin.startsWith("https")) {
response.headers.set("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains");
}
// CORS headers - allow same-origin requests
response.headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin);
response.headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", allowMethods.join(", "));
response.headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", allowHeaders.join(", "));
response.headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
// Prevent Content Security Policy violations in certain contexts
response.headers.set("X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies", "none");
return response;
}
/**
* Create a JSON response with security headers already applied
* @param data The data to return
* @param status HTTP status code
* @param options Configuration options
* @returns Response with security headers and data
*/
export function jsonResponseWithHeaders<T>(
data: T,
status: number = 200,
options: SecurityHeadersOptions = {}
): NextResponse<T> {
const response = NextResponse.json(data, { status });
return addSecurityHeaders(response, options);
}
/**
* Create an error JSON response with security headers
* @param error Error message
* @param status HTTP status code
* @param options Configuration options
* @returns Error response with security headers
*/
export function errorResponseWithHeaders(
error: string,
status: number = 500,
options: SecurityHeadersOptions = {}
): NextResponse<{ error: string }> {
const response = NextResponse.json({ error }, { status });
return addSecurityHeaders(response, options);
}
/**
* Security headers for different response types
*/
export const securityHeaders = {
/**
* Headers for public endpoints (GET requests)
*/
public: <T>(response: NextResponse<T>): NextResponse<T> =>
addSecurityHeaders(response, {
allowMethods: ["GET", "OPTIONS"]}),
/**
* Headers for authenticated endpoints
*/
authenticated: <T>(response: NextResponse<T>): NextResponse<T> =>
addSecurityHeaders(response, {
allowMethods: ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"],
allowHeaders: ["Content-Type", "Authorization", "X-Requested-With"]}),
/**
* Headers for admin endpoints
*/
admin: <T>(response: NextResponse<T>): NextResponse<T> =>
addSecurityHeaders(response, {
allowMethods: ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"],
allowHeaders: ["Content-Type", "Authorization", "X-Requested-With"]}),
};
/**
* Add comprehensive security headers to a response (for middleware)
*/
export function addComprehensiveSecurityHeaders(
_request: NextRequest,
response: NextResponse,
cspConfig: CspConfig = {}
): NextResponse {
const nonce = generateCspNonce();
// CSP
if (cspConfig.enableCsp !== false) {
const csp = buildCspDirectives({ ...cspConfig, nonce });
response.headers.set('Content-Security-Policy', csp);
}
// Prevent MIME type sniffing
response.headers.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
// Prevent clickjacking
response.headers.set('X-Frame-Options', 'DENY');
// XSS Protection (legacy)
response.headers.set('X-XSS-Protection', '1; mode=block');
// Referrer Policy
response.headers.set('Referrer-Policy', 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin');
// Permissions Policy
response.headers.set(
'Permissions-Policy',
'camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(), interest-cohort=()'
);
// HSTS (production only)
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') {
response.headers.set(
'Strict-Transport-Security',
'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload'
);
}
// DNS Prefetch
response.headers.set('X-DNS-Prefetch-Control', 'on');
// Cross-Origin policies
response.headers.set('Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy', 'same-origin');
// Store nonce for components
response.headers.set('x-nonce', nonce);
return response;
}
/**
* Get security headers config for next.config.js
* Returns an array of Header objects for Next.js config
*/
export function getNextConfigSecurityHeaders(): Array<{
source: string;
headers: Array<{ key: string; value: string }>;
}> {
const securityHeaders = [
{ key: 'X-DNS-Prefetch-Control', value: 'on' },
{ key: 'X-Content-Type-Options', value: 'nosniff' },
{ key: 'X-Frame-Options', value: 'DENY' },
{ key: 'X-XSS-Protection', value: '1; mode=block' },
{ key: 'Referrer-Policy', value: 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' },
{ key: 'Permissions-Policy', value: 'camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(), interest-cohort=()' },
];
return [
{
source: '/:path*',
headers: securityHeaders,
},
];
}
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